While humans may love to bask in hot weather, when it comes to cake it's a different story. For bakers, the prospect of putting a carefully decorated cake on a table for hours during summer's heat is literally dreadful. But the wedding, birthday party, or baby shower must go on. So what's the best cake frosting for hot weather? We decided it was time to put a range of frosting formulas to the test.
First, let's bring out the contenders. I made every kind of frosting I could think of. American Buttercream (fat, confectioners' sugar, vanilla, and a little bit of milk or cream); whipped chocolate ganache; stabilized whipped cream;Swiss, Italian, and German buttercreams; andCream Cheese Frosting.
The tests
Even though the test kitchen can be a pretty warm place (especially when 8 or 10 ovens are cranking at the same time), to understand how different frostings hold up to heat I reach for the hair dryer.
I put two cupcakes with two different frostings next to each other and let them have it with the hairdryer. Before I show you all of the results, a little bit of science.
The chemistry
Frosting is made of sugar, fat, air, and flavoring. This magical composition is gloriously talented. It seals cakes to keep them moist. It can take on any shape a decorator can imagine. And it tastes really, really good.
Alas, the first two components we mentioned— sugar and fat — have particular weaknesses when it comes to the best cake frosting in hot weather.
Fat provides the structure in frosting. When whipped, fat captures air, making frosting light and spreadable.
All fats have different melting points. Butter, the most common frosting ingredient, melts at 90°F to 95°F. Margarine is just slightly more heat-resistant than butter (depending on its formula, anywhere from 90°F to over 100°F). Coconut oil liquefies at 76°F. Vegetable shortening stays solid all the way up to 115°F.
Sugar makes frosting sweet, obviously. In some frostings, its crystals help to create the air pockets that make frosting light and creamy. In others, it's added to meringue as a boiling syrup, which cooks the egg white proteins and gives the frosting its "backbone."
When the weather is hot and humid, sugar has the unfortunate habit of pulling water from the air. Cold frosting right out of the refrigerator will "sweat," with beads of condensation forming all over the surface, aggravated by the hygroscopic (water-attracting) nature of sugar.
What's the best cake frosting for hot weather? The matchups.
American Buttercream
First up? American Buttercream. On the left, an all-shortening version, sometimes called decorator's frosting — mostly because it will hold a nice, sharp edge when piped. Definitely a case of looks over taste.
On the right, buttercream made with all butter. It was piped with the same tip, from room-temperature frosting. I could have had more definition if I'd chilled it a little before piping.
How do they hold up?
Behold a tale of two melting points.
As we mentioned earlier, shortening can take the heat. After 3 minutes at full blast, the all-shortening buttercream looks pretty much the same as when it landed on the cupcake. Alas, poor butter doesn't fare as well.
Swiss vs. Italian Buttercream
I have long relied on Italian Buttercream for special-occasion cakes. People often ask me how it compares to Swiss, and I tell them I think Italian is sturdier. Now I have a chance to see if I'm right.
The cupcake on the left is topped with Swiss Buttercream, and the one on the right with Italian.
The full force of a hot hairdryer doesn't do either frosting any favors, but the Italian holds up better than its counterpart. The meringue in Italian Buttercream is cooked to a higher temperature, which gives the frosting a sturdier structure.
What about whipped cream?
There are two ways to stabilize whipped cream. On the left, unflavored gelatin is added (dissolved in water, heated to melt, cooled to lukewarm, added to cream that's three-fourths whipped).
On the right, a mixture of sugar and Instant ClearJel (two parts sugar to one part ClearJel) is sprinkled into whipped cream that's five or six turns shy of being finished.
Not surprisingly, neither version is at its best under the blast of warm air; but the Instant ClearJel version holds up significantly better. Because the starch in the ClearJel is heat stable, it holds its shape, where the gelatin just... melts.
Going for ganache
Chocolate is frequently the answer to any problem, so it's only right that we try some here. These ganaches are equal amounts of chocolate and cream by weight, melted together until smooth. After chilling, they're whipped until thick enough to pipe. That's white chocolate on the left, semisweet chocolate on the right.
White chocolate is sweetened cocoa butter flavored with vanilla, and sometimes with added milk solids. The cocoa butter is no match for the heat. Semisweet chocolate has more cacao solids in it, therefore it has more structure and staying power.
The big surprise
German Buttercream (on the left) isn't as well known as some of its other frosting cousins. It starts with a rich egg and cornstarch pudding that's cooled and whipped with butter. Because of the cooked pudding base, I thought it might have magical heat-resistant characteristics.
Next to it, I put a cream-cheese frosted cupcake, thinking it doesn't stand a chance.
The results are quite surprising. The German Buttercream holds out longer than the Swiss or Italian; but after 3 minutes of high heat it starts to slump and ooze.
The shocker is the Cream Cheese Frosting. It. Does. Not. Care. I put the hair dryer an inch away from it and hold it there for a loooooooong time. No change. Supreme indifference. Astonishing resistance to melting. I conclude that the protein in the cream cheese only firms up under the heat.
The verdict
What's the best cake frosting for hot weather?
I still believe in the all-around greatness of Italian Buttercream. For summer wedding cakes, I'll add some shortening to it (about half a cup) as a hot-weather insurance policy.
For a less formal cake with simpler decoration, I'll be using German Buttercream more often.
And if I need a cake that can really take the heat, Cream Cheese Frosting is coming to the party.
Doyou have any hot weather cake stories to tell? We'd love to hear about them in the comments below.
Our thanks to Anne Mientka for the photos in this post (and the giggles that went with them).
